Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Usage of Machine Learning Techniques to Classify and Predict the Performance of Force Sensing Resistors

doi: 10.3390/s24206592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metric comparison between Interlink and Peratech sensors.

Article Snippet: In order to obtain statistically representative results, the experimental tests in this study were performed on 48 Interlink FSR402 sensors manufactured by Interlink Electronics (Irvine, CA, USA) [ ] and on 48 QTC Peratech SP200 sensors manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Sedgefield, UK) [ ].

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Usage of Machine Learning Techniques to Classify and Predict the Performance of Force Sensing Resistors

doi: 10.3390/s24206592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photographs of the mechanical setup. ( a ) Overview of the testbench; ( b ) Zoom-in photo depicting the linear motor for applying forces to the bunch of sensors. ( c ) Photograph of FSRs installed inside sensor holders, Peratech SP200 (yellow) and Interlink FSR402 (orange). ( d ) Zoom-in photo depicting the sensors inside the chamber and the spring for mechanical compliance. ( e ) Photograph of two side-by-side sensor holders showing the puck (top side) and the notch (bottom side). ( f ) Custom design element for holding aligned the sensor holders, and the spring. A FSR was placed near the element for comparison purposes.

Article Snippet: In order to obtain statistically representative results, the experimental tests in this study were performed on 48 Interlink FSR402 sensors manufactured by Interlink Electronics (Irvine, CA, USA) [ ] and on 48 QTC Peratech SP200 sensors manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Sedgefield, UK) [ ].

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Usage of Machine Learning Techniques to Classify and Predict the Performance of Force Sensing Resistors

doi: 10.3390/s24206592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drift error ( d.e. ) at multiple input voltages for the Interlink FSR402 ( a – c ) and QTC Peratech SP200 ( d – f ) sensors.

Article Snippet: In order to obtain statistically representative results, the experimental tests in this study were performed on 48 Interlink FSR402 sensors manufactured by Interlink Electronics (Irvine, CA, USA) [ ] and on 48 QTC Peratech SP200 sensors manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Sedgefield, UK) [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Usage of Machine Learning Techniques to Classify and Predict the Performance of Force Sensing Resistors

doi: 10.3390/s24206592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) for the drift error as a function of V o_null at multiple input voltages.

Article Snippet: In order to obtain statistically representative results, the experimental tests in this study were performed on 48 Interlink FSR402 sensors manufactured by Interlink Electronics (Irvine, CA, USA) [ ] and on 48 QTC Peratech SP200 sensors manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Sedgefield, UK) [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Usage of Machine Learning Techniques to Classify and Predict the Performance of Force Sensing Resistors

doi: 10.3390/s24206592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drift error ( d.e. ) measured at V i = 5 V with three superimposed trendlines. ( a ) Interlink FSR402, ( b ) QTC Peratech SP200.

Article Snippet: In order to obtain statistically representative results, the experimental tests in this study were performed on 48 Interlink FSR402 sensors manufactured by Interlink Electronics (Irvine, CA, USA) [ ] and on 48 QTC Peratech SP200 sensors manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Sedgefield, UK) [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Usage of Machine Learning Techniques to Classify and Predict the Performance of Force Sensing Resistors

doi: 10.3390/s24206592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fit parameters for the drift error ( d.e. ) models at V i = 5 V.

Article Snippet: In order to obtain statistically representative results, the experimental tests in this study were performed on 48 Interlink FSR402 sensors manufactured by Interlink Electronics (Irvine, CA, USA) [ ] and on 48 QTC Peratech SP200 sensors manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Sedgefield, UK) [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Usage of Machine Learning Techniques to Classify and Predict the Performance of Force Sensing Resistors

doi: 10.3390/s24206592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hysteresis error ( h.e. ) measured at multiple input voltage for Interlink FSR402 ( a – c ) and QTC Peratech SP200 ( d – f ) sensors.

Article Snippet: In order to obtain statistically representative results, the experimental tests in this study were performed on 48 Interlink FSR402 sensors manufactured by Interlink Electronics (Irvine, CA, USA) [ ] and on 48 QTC Peratech SP200 sensors manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Sedgefield, UK) [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Usage of Machine Learning Techniques to Classify and Predict the Performance of Force Sensing Resistors

doi: 10.3390/s24206592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Result of k -means clustering method using k = 2 for Peratech SP200 sensors at V i = 5 V.

Article Snippet: In order to obtain statistically representative results, the experimental tests in this study were performed on 48 Interlink FSR402 sensors manufactured by Interlink Electronics (Irvine, CA, USA) [ ] and on 48 QTC Peratech SP200 sensors manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Sedgefield, UK) [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Usage of Machine Learning Techniques to Classify and Predict the Performance of Force Sensing Resistors

doi: 10.3390/s24206592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Result of k -means clustering method using k = 3 for Peratech SP200 sensors at V i = 5 V.

Article Snippet: In order to obtain statistically representative results, the experimental tests in this study were performed on 48 Interlink FSR402 sensors manufactured by Interlink Electronics (Irvine, CA, USA) [ ] and on 48 QTC Peratech SP200 sensors manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Sedgefield, UK) [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Usage of Machine Learning Techniques to Classify and Predict the Performance of Force Sensing Resistors

doi: 10.3390/s24206592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Result of k -means clustering method using k = 4 for Peratech SP200 sensors at V i = 5 V.

Article Snippet: In order to obtain statistically representative results, the experimental tests in this study were performed on 48 Interlink FSR402 sensors manufactured by Interlink Electronics (Irvine, CA, USA) [ ] and on 48 QTC Peratech SP200 sensors manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Sedgefield, UK) [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Usage of Machine Learning Techniques to Classify and Predict the Performance of Force Sensing Resistors

doi: 10.3390/s24206592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flowchart summarizing the process for measuring and assessing the hysteresis error in Peratech SP200 sensors.

Article Snippet: In order to obtain statistically representative results, the experimental tests in this study were performed on 48 Interlink FSR402 sensors manufactured by Interlink Electronics (Irvine, CA, USA) [ ] and on 48 QTC Peratech SP200 sensors manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Sedgefield, UK) [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Materials

Article Title: Underlying Physics of Conductive Polymer Composites and Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs). A Study on Creep Response and Dynamic Loading

doi: 10.3390/ma10111334

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sensor parameters for the FlexiForce A201-1 [ 23 ] and Interlink FSR 402 [ 24 ] sensors as reported by previous authors’ work [ 30 ].

Article Snippet: There also commercial brands of FSRs with customizable dimension and nominal ranges that operate on the same principle; this is the case of the FlexiForce A201 sensors [ ], manufactured by Tekscan, Inc. (Boston, MA, USA), the family of Interlink FSR 402 sensors [ ] manufactured by Interlink Electronics, Inc. (Westlake Village, CA, USA) and the family of QTC ® SP200 sensors [ ] manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Brompton-on-Swale, North Yorkshire, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: Materials

Article Title: Underlying Physics of Conductive Polymer Composites and Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs). A Study on Creep Response and Dynamic Loading

doi: 10.3390/ma10111334

Figure Lengend Snippet: Simulated data for the creep of strain ε ( t ) for the ( a ) FlexiForce A201-1 and ( b ) Interlink FSR 402 sensors when loaded to σ = 200 KPa. Blue lines: simulations obtained on the basis of the Burgers model with parameters k 2 = 12· k 1 , b 1 = 5 × 10 3 · k 1 and b 2 = 72 × 10 3 · k 1 , where the compressive modulus of each sensor ( k 1 ) was taken from . Green and red lines: creep of strain is plotted for modified values of k 2 and b 1 , where the rest of parameters have remained unchanged.

Article Snippet: There also commercial brands of FSRs with customizable dimension and nominal ranges that operate on the same principle; this is the case of the FlexiForce A201 sensors [ ], manufactured by Tekscan, Inc. (Boston, MA, USA), the family of Interlink FSR 402 sensors [ ] manufactured by Interlink Electronics, Inc. (Westlake Village, CA, USA) and the family of QTC ® SP200 sensors [ ] manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Brompton-on-Swale, North Yorkshire, UK).

Techniques: Modification

Journal: Materials

Article Title: Underlying Physics of Conductive Polymer Composites and Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs). A Study on Creep Response and Dynamic Loading

doi: 10.3390/ma10111334

Figure Lengend Snippet: Simulation of the normalized current drift, drift ( t ), for the FlexiForce A201-1 sensor when loaded to ( a ) σ = 50 KPa, ( b ) σ = 100 KPa, ( c ) σ = 150 KPa and ( d ) σ = 200 KPa at different input voltages, V FSR = 30 mV (blue), 0.22 V (green), 0.4 V (red) and 2 V (cyan). The rheological parameters for the simulation were set to: k 2 = 10· k 1 , b 2 = 5000· k 1 , and b 1 = 70 × 10 3 · k 1 . The electrical parameters are available on .

Article Snippet: There also commercial brands of FSRs with customizable dimension and nominal ranges that operate on the same principle; this is the case of the FlexiForce A201 sensors [ ], manufactured by Tekscan, Inc. (Boston, MA, USA), the family of Interlink FSR 402 sensors [ ] manufactured by Interlink Electronics, Inc. (Westlake Village, CA, USA) and the family of QTC ® SP200 sensors [ ] manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Brompton-on-Swale, North Yorkshire, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: Materials

Article Title: Underlying Physics of Conductive Polymer Composites and Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs). A Study on Creep Response and Dynamic Loading

doi: 10.3390/ma10111334

Figure Lengend Snippet: Simulation plots of the total resistance, R FSR (blue), bulk resistance, R bulk (green-dashed), and contact resistance, R c (red), at two different stresses. ( a ) σ = 50 KPa and ( b ) σ = 300 KPa. Simulation done on the basis of Equations (9)–(11) using the parameters from for the FlexiForce A201-1 sensor.

Article Snippet: There also commercial brands of FSRs with customizable dimension and nominal ranges that operate on the same principle; this is the case of the FlexiForce A201 sensors [ ], manufactured by Tekscan, Inc. (Boston, MA, USA), the family of Interlink FSR 402 sensors [ ] manufactured by Interlink Electronics, Inc. (Westlake Village, CA, USA) and the family of QTC ® SP200 sensors [ ] manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Brompton-on-Swale, North Yorkshire, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: Materials

Article Title: Underlying Physics of Conductive Polymer Composites and Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs). A Study on Creep Response and Dynamic Loading

doi: 10.3390/ma10111334

Figure Lengend Snippet: Test bench for gathering sensor data. ( a ) Overview of the mechanical set-up showing the load cell, the linear motor for the application of dynamic forces and the temperature chamber with the sixteen sensors in sandwich configuration. ( b ) Sensor holders for the FlexiForce A201-1 and Interlink FSR 402 sensors. ( c ) Amplifier in inverting configuration to drive each FSR with a constant voltage.

Article Snippet: There also commercial brands of FSRs with customizable dimension and nominal ranges that operate on the same principle; this is the case of the FlexiForce A201 sensors [ ], manufactured by Tekscan, Inc. (Boston, MA, USA), the family of Interlink FSR 402 sensors [ ] manufactured by Interlink Electronics, Inc. (Westlake Village, CA, USA) and the family of QTC ® SP200 sensors [ ] manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Brompton-on-Swale, North Yorkshire, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: Materials

Article Title: Underlying Physics of Conductive Polymer Composites and Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs). A Study on Creep Response and Dynamic Loading

doi: 10.3390/ma10111334

Figure Lengend Snippet: Box plots for the drift of sensor current after one hour of operation, drift ( t = 3600 s), when operating at multiple voltages, V FSR . Drift data calculated from Equations (22) and (23) for sixteen FlexiForce A201-1 sensors at ( a ) σ = 42.1 KPa, ( b ) σ = 105.4 KPa and ( c ) σ = 210.8 KPa.

Article Snippet: There also commercial brands of FSRs with customizable dimension and nominal ranges that operate on the same principle; this is the case of the FlexiForce A201 sensors [ ], manufactured by Tekscan, Inc. (Boston, MA, USA), the family of Interlink FSR 402 sensors [ ] manufactured by Interlink Electronics, Inc. (Westlake Village, CA, USA) and the family of QTC ® SP200 sensors [ ] manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Brompton-on-Swale, North Yorkshire, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: Materials

Article Title: Underlying Physics of Conductive Polymer Composites and Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs). A Study on Creep Response and Dynamic Loading

doi: 10.3390/ma10111334

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time plots for the drift of sensor current calculated from Equation (22) at different voltages. Data taken for the ( a ) FlexiForce A201-1 sensor at σ = 210.8 KPa for V FSR = 1 V (blue), 2 V (green), 6 V (red) and 9 V (cyan) and ( b ) Interlink FSR 402 sensor at σ = 65.6 KPa for V FSR = 0.2 V (blue), 2 V (green), 3 V (red) and 7 V (cyan).

Article Snippet: There also commercial brands of FSRs with customizable dimension and nominal ranges that operate on the same principle; this is the case of the FlexiForce A201 sensors [ ], manufactured by Tekscan, Inc. (Boston, MA, USA), the family of Interlink FSR 402 sensors [ ] manufactured by Interlink Electronics, Inc. (Westlake Village, CA, USA) and the family of QTC ® SP200 sensors [ ] manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Brompton-on-Swale, North Yorkshire, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: Materials

Article Title: Underlying Physics of Conductive Polymer Composites and Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs). A Study on Creep Response and Dynamic Loading

doi: 10.3390/ma10111334

Figure Lengend Snippet: Box plots for the drift of sensor current after one hour of operation, drift ( t = 3600 s), when operating at different stresses, σ . Drift data calculated from Equations (22) and (23) for sixteen FlexiForce A201-1 sensors at ( a ) V FSR = 0.5 V, ( b ) V FSR = 1 V and ( c ) V FSR = 4.5 V.

Article Snippet: There also commercial brands of FSRs with customizable dimension and nominal ranges that operate on the same principle; this is the case of the FlexiForce A201 sensors [ ], manufactured by Tekscan, Inc. (Boston, MA, USA), the family of Interlink FSR 402 sensors [ ] manufactured by Interlink Electronics, Inc. (Westlake Village, CA, USA) and the family of QTC ® SP200 sensors [ ] manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Brompton-on-Swale, North Yorkshire, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: Materials

Article Title: Underlying Physics of Conductive Polymer Composites and Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs). A Study on Creep Response and Dynamic Loading

doi: 10.3390/ma10111334

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental data taken for the A201-1 sensor when loaded to σ ( t ) = 115 KPa + 95 KPa · sin(4 πt ) at ( a ) V FSR = 2 V and ( b ) V FSR = 6 V.

Article Snippet: There also commercial brands of FSRs with customizable dimension and nominal ranges that operate on the same principle; this is the case of the FlexiForce A201 sensors [ ], manufactured by Tekscan, Inc. (Boston, MA, USA), the family of Interlink FSR 402 sensors [ ] manufactured by Interlink Electronics, Inc. (Westlake Village, CA, USA) and the family of QTC ® SP200 sensors [ ] manufactured by Peratech Holdco Limited (Brompton-on-Swale, North Yorkshire, UK).

Techniques: